全肠外营养对老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人生存期的影响

目的:评估全肠外营养(TPN)对老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人生存期的影响。方法:回顾性分析121例老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人TPN治疗后的生存期。结果:TPN治疗后,患者生存期不同程度延长,为9～126天,平均68.1天,多数在两月左右。结论:TPN可延长老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人的生存期。     

早期腭裂修复术后瘘的发生率研究

目的 探讨婴儿期腭裂手术后瘘发生的规律。方法 对1995年7月～2001年9月期间施行的2～12个月龄的531例腭裂修复术后瘘发生率进行回顾性分析。结果 全组腭裂术后瘘发生率为4.9%，双侧完全性腭裂术后瘘发生率（7.8%），明显高于不完全性腭裂（4.4%），单侧完全性腭裂（4.3%,P＜0.01），后两组之间无显著性差别（P＞0.05）；术后瘘发生率与年龄，及本组所采用的不同术式无关（P＞0.05）；其中硬腭部瘘占完全性腭裂术后瘘率70%，较其它部位差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01）。结论 婴儿期腭裂手术并不会增加瘘发生率，对于双侧完全性腭裂，推荐做术前正畸治疗。     

Length of the third stage of labor at term pregnancies is shorter if placenta is located at fundus: prospective study

AIM: To investigate how the location of the placenta at term pregnancies affects the duration of the third stage of labor and to discuss the possible mechanisms affecting the duration of the third stage. We believe that this is the first prospective study comparing the duration of the third stage of labor according to placental location. METHODS: The placental implantation was determined as anterior (n = 78), posterior (n = 59), or fundal (n = 64) by ultrasound, in 201 women with singleton pregnancies. After delivery of the newborn, oxytocin infusion was routinely given. Duration of the third stage of labor was compared by anova. P < 0.05 was determined as significant. RESULTS: The duration of the third stage of labor was 10.36 +/- 5.94 min, 10.44 +/- 5.35 min, and 8.12 +/- 4.25 min with placentas located anteriorly, posteriorly, and fundal, respectively. The length of the third stage was significantly shorter in the fundal placenta group. CONCLUSION: In this study, the length of the third stage of labor was approximately 2 min shorter with placentas located at the fundus compared to the other two groups. The mechanism responsible for shorter duration may be the bipolar separation of fundal placentas in contrast to usual unipolar down-up separation of anterior or posterior placentas. Another contributing factor may be the use of oxytocin infusion for the management of the third stage, however this should be investigated by further studies by using real time ultrasonography.     

Lithium increases slow wave sleep: possible mediation by brain 5-HT2 receptors?

The effect of lithium on slow wave sleep (SWS) was studied in ten normal male volunteers using home based cassette sleep recording and automatic sleep stage analysis. Lithium increased SWS, an effect consisten with a reduction in brain 5-HT₂ receptor function.     

Getting to Dissemination

The combination of a stage model of psychotherapy and treatment manualization has been a major step forward in treatment development and efficacy testing, but not in dissemination. I argue that the technological model of treatment development makes research on the practical application of these technologies difficult. If we continue on our present course, research on dissemination will be uncommon, expensive, and largely irrelevant to the practical issues that need to be faced. It makes more sense to proceed directly to dissemination research. Alternative methods, including manipulated training designs, will permit this, but these fundamentally challenge the implicit assumptions of the stage model.     

第2产程剖宫产术对母婴的影响

本文对我院近 4年来第 2产程 (以下简称 2程 )剖宫产 6 1例进行回顾性分析。资料表明 :第 2产程剖宫产术易合并羊水污染及术时并发症 ,新生儿Apgar氏评分低 ,术后并发症高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,提示第 2产程剖宫产术比一般头位急症剖宫产术对母婴不利 ,其并发症的发生与第 2产程的延长相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,故应把握时机尽量减少宫口开全后施行剖宫产。     

哮喘缓解期联用乌体林斯和黄芪注射液等穴位注射控制哮喘发作的临床观察

目的　观察哮喘缓解期联用乌体林斯、黄芪注射液、鱼腥草注射液穴位注射控制哮喘发作的疗效 ,探讨其作用机理。方法　哮喘缓解期患者 5 6例 ,随机分成两组。治疗组 3 2例采用相同穴位交替选择药物 ,隔日穴位注射治疗 ;对照组 2 4例予常规治疗。并观察两组疗效及治疗前后用力肺活量 (FVC) ,1秒钟用力呼气量 (FEV1)和肺活量 (VC)的变化。结果　两组总有效率为 96.87%和 79.17% ,治疗组优于对照组 ( χ2 =10 ,P <0 .0 1)。治疗组治疗前后肺功能明显改善 ,治疗前后比较VC分别为 ( 1.79± 0 .43 )L和 ( 2 .91± 0 .64 )L ,P <0 .0 5 ;FVC分别为 ( 1.64± 0 .46)L和 ( 2 .0 9±0 .62 )L ,P <0 .0 5 ;FEV1分别为 ( 0 .92± 0 .70 )L和 ( 1.3 5± 0 .3 5 )L ,P <0 .0 5。对照组治疗前后肺功能改善不明显 (P均<0 .0 5 )。治疗组明显优于对照组。结论　在哮喘缓解期联用乌体林斯、黄芪注射液、鱼腥草注射液穴位注射控制哮喘发作的临床疗效优于常规治疗     

Bent knees and tiptoeing: late manifestations of end-stage Parkinson's disease.

We describe a unique gait phenomenon of bent knees in 9 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease (mean age, 73.1 +/- 11.1 years), 3 of whom also manifested tiptoeing. The bent-knee posture appeared only during ambulation; in the recumbent position, full or nearly full extension was possible in all patients. The abnormality emerged after long-standing disease (6-23 years from onset) and failed to respond to dopaminergic treatment. Most of the patients also had bent spine (camptocormia). The pathogenesis of these phenomena are unknown, but they might represent a rare type of dystonia.     

舒利迭加无创通气治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床研究

目的探讨舒利迭(吸入型肾上腺皮质激素与长效β2-受体激动剂的预混制剂)联合双水平气道正压通气(B iPAP)对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的治疗作用。方法稳定期COPD病人52例,舒利迭TM50/250,1吸/次,2次/d;B iPAP,吸气压力(IPAP)10~20cm H2O,呼气压力(EPAP,也称PEEP)3~6cm H2O,吸氧浓度(FiO2)3L/m in,每天夜间通气6~8h。观察治疗前、治疗后12周病人临床症状、生活质量、健康状态和肺功能。结果治疗前、治疗后12周病人的临床症状、急性加重次数及严重程度、健康状态和生活质量、肺功能等指标比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论舒利迭联合B iPAP治疗稳定期COPD病人能够明显改善其症状,提高生活质量,有一定的临床应用价值,对减缓COPD病人肺功能下降有积极意义。     

Misoprostol in preventing postpartum hemorrhage: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess misoprostol's ability to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) where no alternatives exist. Comparison to oxytocics demonstrates how similarly misoprostol achieves a level of effectiveness-obtainable only in hospitals-in remote locations around the world. METHOD: Using the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model and the DerSirmonian and Laird random-effects model, summary statistics indicated that misoprostol's excess risk of PPH was only 4% when compared to oxytocics. RESULT: This risk difference was well within the range of expected results for all uterotonic agents and does not warrant branding misoprostol as an inferior drug. CONCLUSION: Conventional uterotonic drugs should not be used to set the lowest-accepted level of effectiveness in settings where they are entirely unsuitable. Continuing to weigh the benefits of one effective drug against another only delays the distribution of misoprostol in countries where it is the only feasible choice and must be measured against no treatment at all.